[266] Standards in state schools are monitored by the Office for Standards in Education, and in private schools by the Independent Schools Inspectorate. [240] It is spoken by 0.1% of people in Cornwall,[241] and is taught to some degree in several primary and secondary schools. Most of the city, including the historic centres of Old Aberdeen and New Aberdeen, lies in the historic county of Aberdeenshire, but the city also includes a small area in the south that belongs to the historic county of Kincardineshire. [130], The fauna of England is similar to that of other areas in the British Isles with a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate life in a diverse range of habitats. [306], In the 19th century, Constable and Turner were major landscape artists. The most prominent opera house in England is the Royal Opera House at Covent Garden. [29] The nature and progression of the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain is consequently subject to considerable disagreement; the emerging consensus is that it occurred on a large scale in the south and east but was less substantial to the north and west, where Celtic languages continued to be spoken even in areas under Anglo-Saxon control. Subsequently, the House of Plantagenet from Anjou inherited the English throne under Henry II, adding England to the budding Angevin Empire of fiefs the family had inherited in France including Aquitaine. William of Ockham and Roger Bacon, who were Franciscans, were major philosophers of the Middle Ages. Being a relatively small Island, the UK's rivers are not very long. By the end of the 18th century the English garden was being imitated by the French landscape garden, and as far away as St. Petersburg, Russia, in Pavlovsk, the gardens of the future Emperor Paul. [277] Another well-preserved example is the Roman Baths at Bath, Somerset. After the Notting Hill Carnival, it is the second-largest street festival in the United Kingdom attracting over 80,000 visitors from across the country. Aberdeen is a busy seaport, the British centre of the North Sea oil industry, and the commercial capital of northeastern Scotland. The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Paleolithic period, but takes its name from the Angles, a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula, who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. [309] Following the Norman conquest Latin continued amongst the educated classes, as well as an Anglo-Norman literature. The lotus was considered a sacred flower by ancient Egyptians and was used in burial rituals. Some of the most commercially successful films of all time have been produced in England, including two of the highest-grossing film franchises (Harry Potter and James Bond). Some of the characters and stories are present across England, but most belong to specific regions. [49] The 7th century saw a struggle for hegemony between Northumbria and Mercia, which in the 8th century gave way to Mercian preeminence. [371] They hosted the ICC World Twenty20 in 2009, winning this format in 2010 beating rivals Australia in the final. There are numerous surviving artefacts, such as those at Lullingstone and Aldborough. [22] In Scottish Gaelic, another language which developed on the island of Great Britain, the Saxon tribe gave their name to the word for England (Sasunn);[23] similarly, the Welsh name for the English language is "Saesneg". Society was tribal; according to Ptolemy's Geographia there were around 20 tribes in the area. [77][78] In 1825 the world's first permanent steam locomotive-hauled passenger railway – the Stockton and Darlington Railway – opened to the public. [142], The economy of England is the largest part of the UK's economy,[143] which has the 18th highest GDP PPP per capita in the world. Most of the stations are situated on rivers, but we also collect data from several tide and loch level recorders. [110] The prison population doubled over the same period, giving it one of highest incarceration rate in Western Europe at 147 per 100,000. [254] There are other non-conformist minorities, such as Baptists, Quakers, Congregationalists, Unitarians and The Salvation Army. Many Anglo-Indian hybrid dishes, curries, have been created, such as chicken tikka masala and balti. Later, an uprising led by Boudica, Queen of the Iceni, ended with Boudica's suicide following her defeat at the Battle of Watling Street. Countries, territories and dependencies of the, Figure of 550,000 military deaths is for England and Wales. Two medieval bridges have survived, the Brig o’ Balgownie (1320), spanning the Don, and the Old Bridge of Dee (1527). [366] Other English success has come from Manchester United F.C., winning the competition on 3 occasions; Nottingham Forest F.C. The biennial golf competition, the Ryder Cup, is named after English businessman Samuel Ryder who sponsored the event and donated the trophy. It is currently sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. UK government energy policy aims to play a key role in limiting greenhouse gas emissions, whilst meeting energy demand. This also includes relatively flat plains such as the Salisbury Plain, Somerset Levels, South Coast Plain and The Fens. England is one of the world's leading fishing nations. [200], The average life expectancy of people in England is 77.5 years for males and 81.7 years for females, the highest of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Golf has been prominent in England; due in part to its cultural and geographical ties to Scotland, the home of Golf. [65] With the East India Company, England also competed with the Dutch and French in the East. The Roanoke colony failed and is known as the lost colony after it was found abandoned on the return of the late-arriving supply ship. The River Thames is the major waterway in England, with imports and exports focused at the Port of Tilbury in the Thames Estuary, one of the United Kingdom's three major ports. People who strictly identified as "Pagan". The ports of London, Liverpool, and Newcastle lie on the tidal rivers Thames, Mersey and Tyne respectively. The National Hunt horse race the Grand National, is held annually at Aintree Racecourse in early April. In the domestic competition, the County Championship, Yorkshire are by far the most successful club having won the competition 32 times outright and sharing it on 1 other occasion. [257] They were expelled from England in 1290 following the Edict of Expulsion, only to be allowed back in 1656. [252] There has been one Pope from England to date, Adrian IV; while saints Bede and Anselm are regarded as Doctors of the Church. The Beaker culture arrived around 2,500 BC, introducing drinking and food vessels constructed from clay, as well as vessels used as reduction pots to smelt copper ores. This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England. [76] The opening of Northwest England's Bridgewater Canal in 1761 ushered in the canal age in Britain. Samuel Ryder: The Man Behind the Ryder Cup. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Ecclesiastical History of the English People, 2004 North East England devolution referendum, metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, List of English inventions and discoveries, world's busiest airport measured by number of international passengers, one of the best sites in Europe for wind energy, National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, Supreme Governor of the Church of England, St John's College, University of Cambridge, Programme for International Student Assessment, Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, Henry Purcell's "The Queen's Dolour (A Farewell)", Elgar's "Pomp & Circumstance March No.
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