3. It was approved by the king and forced upon the stupefied Congregation by the whole power of the State. In this new age he has the gift of foretelling the future. On the other hand, ever since the Fall of Man, the will of man has been his greatest danger. 19. The "swords and daggers" may represent the icy cold. Falcoia, hearing of this, begged his friend to give a retreat to the nuns of his Conservatorium at the same time. Nine worlds: the worlds of the gods (Asgarth), of the Wanes (Vanaheim, cf. It is true that theologians even of the broadest school are agreed that, when an opinion in favour of the law is so much more probable as to amount practically to moral certainty, the less probable opinion cannot be followed, and some have supposed that St. Alphonsus meant no more than this by his terminology. . Soon after, Falcoia made known to the latter his vocation to leave Naples and establish an order of missionaries at Scala, who should work above all for the neglected goatherds of the mountains. He called his system Equiprobabilism. The fifth book has two treatises "De Actibus Humanis" and "De Peccatis"; the sixth is on the sacraments, the seventh and last on the censures of the Church. Alphonsus said nothing in his "Moral Theology" which is not the common teaching of Catholic theologians. 35. As it was, he was refused the royal exequatur to the Brief of Benedict XIV, and State recognition of his Institute as a religious congregation till the day of his death. stanza I, note) bring the bravest warriors killed in battle to Valhall, in order to re-enforce the gods for their final struggle. CARDINAL CAPECELATRO has also written a life of the Saint, La Vita di Sant' Alfonso Maria de Liguori (Rome, 2 vols.). . Bugge puts this stanza after stanza 29. Quite recently, a duet composed by him, between the Soul and God, was found in the British Museum bearing the date 1760 and containing a correction in his own handwriting. He fed the poor, instructed the ignorant, reorganized his seminary, reformed his convents, created a new spirit in his clergy, banished scandalous noblemen and women of evil life with equal impartiality, brought the study of theology and especially of moral theology into honour, and all the time was begging pope after pope to let him resign his office because he was doing nothing for his diocese. SourcesMuch of the material for a complete life of St. Alphonsus is still in manuscript in the Roman archives of the Redemptorist Congregation and in the archives of the Sacred Congregation of Bishops and Regulars. Most of the names presumably had some definite significance, as Northri, Suthri, Austri, and Vestri ("North," "South", "East," and "West"), [fp. In a civil action a serious preponderance of evidence gives one side the case. Even when taking him into society in order to arrange a good marriage for him, he wished Alphonsus to put God first, and every year father and son would make a retreat together in some religious house. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York. In wondrous beauty | once again Shall the golden tables | stand mid the grass, Which the gods had owned | in the days of old, . http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01334a.htm. But how was Alphonsus to grow in this so necessary virtue when he was in authority nearly all his life? There comes on high, | all power to hold, A mighty lord, | all lands he rules. "And there he lies bound till the end." . A respected opponent was the redoubtable Dominican controversialist, P. Vincenzo Patuzzi, while to make up for hard blows we have another Dominican, P. Caputo, President of Alphonsus's seminary and a devoted helper in his work of reform. He had a pleasant smile, and his conversation was very agreeable, yet he had great dignity of manner. stanza 32 and note. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01334a.htm. especially Hymiskvitha, passim. His hymns are justly celebrated in Italy. He was a lawyer, not only during his years at the Bar, but throughout his whole life--a lawyer, who to skilled advocacy and an enormous knowledge of practical detail added a wide and luminous hold of underlying principles. 24] Thor, who, after slaying the serpent, is overcome by his venomous breath, and dies. But in both manuscripts the final half-line does not refer to the dragon, but, as the gender shows, to the Volva herself, who sinks into the earth; a sort of conclusion to the entire prophecy. This is the great question of "Probabilism". 16] pair has, "I know that Vali | his brother gnawed, / With his bowels then | was Loki bound." Most were in favour of accepting, but the superior objected and appealed to Filangieri, Falcoia's colleague in establishing the convent, and now, as General of the "Pii Operarii", his superior. Alphonsus, however, stood firm; soon other companions arrived, and though Scala itself was given up by the Fathers in 1738, by 1746 the new Congregation had four houses at Nocera de' Pagani, Ciorani, Iliceto (now Deliceto), and Caposele, all in the Kingdom of Naples. An interesting series of portraits might be painted of those who play a part in the Saint's history: Charles III and his minister Tanucci; Charle's son Ferdinand, and Ferdinand's strange and unhappy Queen, Maria Carolina, daughter of Maria Teresa and sister of Marie Antoinette. Testa, the Grand Almoner, even to have his Rule approved. God, however, intended the new institute to begin with these nuns of Scala. Of Byleist (or Byleipt) no more is known. 5] as daughter and son of Mundilferi, cf. Grimnismol, 44, note). Much of the material for a complete life of St. Alphonsus is still in manuscript in the Roman archives of the Redemptorist Congregation and in the archives of the Sacred Congregation of Bishops and Regulars. He answered emphatically: "Never! A companion, Balthasar Cito, who afterwards became a distinguished judge, was asked in later years if Alphonsus had ever shown signs of levity in his youth. The cult of the Wanes (Vanir) seems to have originated among the seafaring folk of the Baltic and the southern shores of the North Sea, and to have spread thence into Norway in opposition to the worship of the older gods; hence the "war." Dissensions arose, the Saint's former friend and chief companion, Vincent Mannarini, opposing him and Falcoia in everything. ), was published by P. KUNTZ, C.SS.R., director of the Roman archives of his Congregation. Besides his Moral Theology, the Saint wrote a large number of dogmatic and ascetical works nearly all in the vernacular. Northward a hall | in Nithavellir Of gold there rose | for Sindri's race; And in Okolnir | another stood, Where the giant Brimir | his beer-hall had. St. Alphonsus Liguori. The story referred to in stanzas 25-26 (both quoted by Snorri) is that of the rebuilding of Asgarth after its destruction by the Wanes. These form the first book of the work, while the second contains the treatises on Faith, Hope, and Charity. . At the beginning of the collection in the Codex Regius stands the Voluspo, the most famous and important, as it is likewise the most debated, of all the Eddic poems. . It is not necessary to notice certain non-Catholic attacks on Alphonsus as a patron of lying. "I follow my conscience", he wrote in 1764, "and when reason persuades me I make little account of moralists." Portail des communes de France : nos coups de coeur sur les routes de France. Frigg: Othin's wife. 47. [21. The days were indeed evil. Bugge puts this stanza after stanza 20. In addition his father made him practice the harpsichord for three hours a day, and at the age of thirteen he played with the perfection of a master. His hands he washed not, | his hair he combed not, Till he bore to the bale-blaze | Baldr's foe. Baldr and his brother, Hoth, who unwittingly slew him at Loki's instigation, return together, their union being a symbol of the new age of peace. Ask and Embla: ash and elm; Snorri gives them simply as the names of the first man and woman, but says that the gods made this pair out of trees. If civil courts could not decide against a defendant on greater probability, but had to wait, as a criminal court must wait, for moral certainty, many actions would never be decided at all. It is a matter for friendly controversy, but it seems there was a real difference, though not as great in practice as is supposed, between the Saint's later teaching and that current in the Society. 9. Then comes Sigfather's | mighty son, Vithar, to fight | with the foaming wolf; In the giant's son | does he thrust his sword Full to the heart: | his father is avenged. 56. He died on the very eve of the great Revolution which was to sweep the persecutors away, having seen in vision the woes which the French invasion of 1798 was to bring on Naples. Colletta's book gives the best general picture of the time, but is marred by anti-clerical bias. "You have founded the Congregation and you have destroyed it", said one Father to him. He had a tender charity towards all who were in trouble; he would go to any length to try to save a vocation; he would expose himself to death to prevent sin. stanza 20, and note. Now Garm howls loud | before Gnipahellir, The fetters will burst, | and the wolf run free Much do I know, | and more can see Of the fate of the gods, | the mighty in fight.
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